Azelaic acid: Helps reduce inflammation & has a mildly suppressive role on pigment producing cells
Kwon S-K, Sando IIIR, Lewis TL, Hirabayashi Y, Maximov A, Polleux F
Other downstream effects include reduced glutathione antioxidant levels leading to oxidative stress, increased intracellular calcium, and ER stress leading to protein aggregation of TDP-43, SOD1, and FUS [8, 311]
Death ligand TRAIL, secreted by CD1a + and CD14 + cells in blister fluids, is involved in killing keratinocytes in toxic epidermal necrolysis
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation leads to dilatory H2O2 production in mouse cerebral arteries
This observation remains anecdotal but appears consistently across user reports